LEGAL PROTECTION FOR VICTIMS OF MOB VIOLENCE: A CRIMINAL LAW AND VICTIMOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
Keywords:
mob violence, legal protection, victims, restitution, victimologyAbstract
Mob violence is a collective act of violence against a person suspected of having committed an offence, carried out without lawful judicial process. Such conduct not only disrupts public order but also causes physical, psychological, social, and economic harm to the victim. This study analyses the legal classification of mob violence and the forms of legal protection available to victims under Indonesian criminal law currently in force. It employs normative legal research using statutory, conceptual, and victimological approaches. The findings demonstrate that mob violence does not constitute a distinct statutory offence. Depending on the elements of the conduct, the perpetrator's intent, and the resulting consequences, it may be classified as jointly committed public violence, assault, aggravated assault, or homicide. Victim protection encompasses immediate security measures, medical care, psychosocial and psychological rehabilitation, legal assistance, access to information on the progress of proceedings, the right to submit a victim impact statement, restitution, and, in specified circumstances, compensation. The effectiveness of such protection remains constrained by difficulties in identifying individual perpetrators within a crowd, delays in securing restitution, weak inter-agency coordination, and an offender-oriented criminal justice paradigm. An effective protection model must be integrated, prompt, victim-centred, and accompanied by the early assessment and safeguarding of restitution, preservation of evidence, and proportionate criminal accountability for every person who commits, instigates, or assists the violence.
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